IN  MEMORIAM 

9*7) 


A  BOOK  OF  RECORD 

CONCERNING  FORMER  MEMBERS  OF 
THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY  OF 
ARTS  AND  LETTERS 


V 


IN  MEMORIAM 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/inmemoriambool<ofOOamer 


The  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Letters 
15  West  81st  Street 
New  York 


IN  MEMORIAM 

77) 


A  BOOK  OF  RECORD 

CONCERNING  FORMER  MEMBERS  OF 
THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY  OF 
■  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  ACADEMY 
MARCH,  1922 


The  Academy  was  founded  in  1904  and  Incorporated 
by  Act  of  Congress  approved  April  17,  1916 


Copyright,  1922,  by 
The  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Letters 


VII 

CONTENTS 

Note:  Where  the  figure  2  or  3  occurs  after 
number  of  the  chair  it  denotes  its  second  or 
third  occupancy. 

the 

PAGE 

Address  of  the  President   3 

William  Dean  Howells  

Elected  December  2,  1904.         Chair  1 
Died  May  11,  1920.    Vacancy  48. 

31 

Augustus  Saint-Gaudens  

Elected  December  2,  1904.        Chair  2 
Died  August  3,  1907.    Vacancy  5. 

35 

Edmund  Clarence  Stedman  

Elected  December  2,  1904.         Chair  3 
Died  January  18,  1908.     Vacancy  6. 

39 

John  La  Faroe  

Elected  December  2,  1904.         Chair  4 
Died  November  14,  1910.    Vacancy  23. 

43 

Samuel  Langhorne  Clemens 

Elected  December  2,  1904.       Chair  5 
Died  April  21,  1910.    Vacancy  18. 

47 

John  Hay   

Elected  December  2,  1904.       Chair  6 
Died  July  1,  1905.    Vacancy  2. 

51 

Edward  MacDowell  

Elected  December  2,  1904.        Chair  7 
Died  January  23,  1908.    Vacancy  7. 

55 

Henry  James   

Elected  January  7,   1905.         Chair  8 
Died  February  28,  1916.    Vacancy  36. 

59 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

VIII 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Charles   Follen   McKim   63 

Elected  January  7,  1905.           Chair  9 
Died  September  14,  1909.    Vacancy  15. 

Henry  Adams    67 

Elected  January  7,  1905.        Chair  10 
Died  March  27,  1918.    Vacancy  41. 

Charles  Eliot  Norton   71 

Elected  January  7,  1905.        Chair  11 
Died  October  21,  1908.    Vacancy  11. 

John  Quincy  Adams  Ward   75 

Elected  January  7,  1905.        Chair  12 
Died  May  1,  1910.    Vacancy  19. 

Thomas  Raynesford  Lounsbury   79 

Elected  January  7,  1905.         Chair  13 
Died  April  9,  1915.    Vacancy  34. 

Elected  January  7,  1905.        Chair  14 
Died  January  6,  1919.    Vacancy  43. 

Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich   87 

Elected  January  7,  1905.        Chair  15 
Died  March  19,  1907.    Vacancy  4. 

Elected  April  20,  1905.           Chair  16 
Died  April  23,  1905.    Vacancy  1. 

Richard  Watson  Gilder   95 

Elected  April  22,   1905.          Chair  18 
Died  November  18,  1909.    Vacancy  17. 

Horace  Howard  Furness   99 

Elected  April  22,   1905,          Chair  19 
Died  August  13,  1912.    Vacancy  28. 

Elected  April  22,  1905.            Chair  20 
Died  December  19,  1911.    Vacancy  26. 

i 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

IX 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Elected  May  13,  1905.            Chair  21 
Died  September  28,  1910.    Vacancy  20. 

Carl  Schurz    Ill 

Elected  May  13,  1905.           Chair  22 
Died  May  14,  1906.    Vacancy  3. 

(  Elected  May  13,  1905.            Chair  23 
Died  December  1,  1914.    Vacancy  30. 

Elected  May  13,  1905.            Chair  24 
Died  July  3,  1908.    Vacancy  8. 

John  Burroughs    123 

Elected  May  13,  1905.           Chair  26 
Died  March  29,  1921.    Vacancy  50. 

Edwin  Austin  Abbey   127 

Elected  May  13,  1905.           Chair  28 
Died  August  1,  1911.    Vacancy  25. 

Horatio  Parker    131 

Elected  May  13,  1905.           Chair  29 
Died  December  18,  1919.    Vacancy  47. 

Edward  Everett  Hale   135 

Elected  January  28,  1908.      Chair  16-2 
Died  June  10,  1909.    Vacancy  14. 

Daniel  Coit  Gilman   139 

Elected  January  28,  1908.      Chair  15-2 
Died  October  13,  1908.    Vacancy  10. 

Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson   143 

Elected  January  28,  1908.      Chair  2-2 
Died  May  9,  1911.    Vacancy  24. 

DnXTATT*    Op  A  "MT    IVFtTT'TTT?!  T  147 

Elected  January  28,  1908.      Chair  31 
Died  December  15,  1908.    Vacancy  12. 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

X 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

contents 

Andrew  Dickson  White    

PAGE 

151 

Elected  January  28,  1908.         Chair  32 
Died  November  4,  1918.    Vacancy  42. 

Julia  Ward  Howe  

155 

Elected  January  28,  1908.       Chair  36 
Died  October  17,  1910.    Vacancy  22. 

Francis  Hopkinson  Smith  

159 

Elected  January  28,  1908.       Chair  40 
Died  April  7,  1915.    Vacancy  33. 

Francis  Marion  Crawford  

163 

Elected  January  28,  1908.        Chair  41 
Died  April  9,  1909.    Vacancy  13. 

Henry  Charles  Lea   

167 

Elected  January  28,  1908.        Chair  42 
Died  October  24,  1909.    Vacancy  16. 

William   Merritt  Chase  

171 

Elected  January  28,  1908.        Chair  44 
Died  October  25,   1916.    Vacancy  38. 

Hamilton  Wright  Mabie  

175 

Elected  January  28,  1908.        Chair  46 
Died  December  31,  1916.    Vacancy  39. 

179 

Elected  January  28,  1908.        Chair  47 
Died  August  4,  1908.    Vacancy  9. 

183 

Elected  November  7,  1908.       Chair  7-2 
Died  October  17,  1910.    Vacancy  21. 

lo7 

Elected  November  7,  1908.    Chair  24-2 
Died  March  17,  1919.    Vacancy  44. 

191 

Elected  October  20,  1909.    Chair  15-3 
Died  May  29,  1921.    Vacancy  51. 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

XI 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

John  Muir   195 

Elected  October  20,  1909.    Chair  11-2 
Died  December  24,  1914.    Vacancy  31. 

Elected  October  20,  1909.      Chair  31-2 
Died  March  20,  1915.    Vacancy  32. 

Henry  Mills  Alden   203 

Elected  June  1,  1910.           Chair  41-2 
^   Died  October  7,  1919.    Vacancy  45. 

John  White  Alexander   207 

Elected  June  1,  1910.            Chair  42-2 
Died  May  31,  1915.    Vacancy  35. 

Elected  November  9,  1910.      Chair  5-2 
Died  April  15,  1912.    Vacancy  27. 

James  Whitcomb  Riley   215 

Elected  January  25,  1911.      Chair  21-2 
Died  July  22,  1916.    Vacancy  37. 

George  Browne  Post   219 

Elected  December  14,  1911.      Chair  4-2 
Died  November  28,  1913.    Vacancy  29. 

Julian  Alden  Weir   223 

Elected  November  18,  1915.    Chair  31-3. 
Died  December  8,  1919.    Vacancy  46. 

George  Lockhart  Rives   227 

Elected  November  18,  1915.     Chair  42-3 
Died  August  18,  1917.    Vacancy  40. 

Barrett  Wendell    231 

Elected  November  15,  1916.     Chair  8-2 
Died  February  8,  1921.    Vacancy  49. 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

THE 

American  academy 

AND  THE 
NATIONAL  INSTITUTE  OF 
ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

BY 

WILLIAM  M.  SLOANE 

i 


3 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

AND 

THE  NATIONAL  INSTITUTE 
OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

I 

A  MERICAN  ways  differ  so  widely 
jtV  from  those  of  other  peoples  that 
it  is  difficult,  alike  for  ourselves  and 
for    foreigners,    to   understand  the 
origin,  nature,  and  aims  of  voluntary 
organizations  which  bear  designations 
long  familiar  in  other  countries,  but 
which  connote  something  quite  dif- 
ferent in  our  own.   It  therefore  seems 
imperative  to  make  clear,  if  possible, 
to  itself  and  to  the  intelligent  public 
what  the  two  associated  organizations 
bearing  the  title  of  the  Academy  and 
the  Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters  in 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

4 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

the  United  States  of  America  really 
are,  and  what  they  aim  to  be  in  the 
future. 

The  Institute  was  organized  by  the 
American  Social  Science  Association 
at  its  annual  meeting  in  1898,  with  a 
view  to  the  advancement  of  art,  music, 
and  literature;  and  it  selected  the 
names  of  a  hundred  men  then  living 
'^notable  for  achievement'^  in  those 
fields.  By  those  constituting  the  so- 
ciety this  number  has  been  slowly  and 
carefully  increased  to  two  hundred 
and  fifty.  The  Institute  had  in  cer- 
tain measure  found  itself  by  several 
meetings  a  year  through  a  succession 
of  years,  for  the  consideration  of  its 
functions  ;  papers  in  a  long  series  being 
read  by  various  members.  It  deter- 
mined in  1904,  after  six  years  of 
discussion  and  deliberation,  to  organ- 
ize a  section  of  thirty  members  as  an 
Academy  ]  this  number  has  been  en- 
larged to  fifty.    The  purpose  stated 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

5 

by  the  Institute  was  to  ''give  greater 
definiteness  to  its  work"  and  make 
itself  "more  efficient  in  carrying  out 
the  purposes  for  which  it  had  been 
organized,  to  wit,  the  protection  and 
furtherance  of  literature  and  the  fine 
arts.". 

The  method  employed  in  selecting 
the  names  of  those  who  were  to  con- 
stitute the  Academy  section  was  alike 
ingenious  and  sound,  satisfying  all  re- 
quirements and  forestalling  all  cap- 
tious criticism.  Seven  members  were 
selected  by  ballot  as  sponsors  and  or- 
ganizers of  the  Academy;  these  seven 
were  empowered  to  choose  eight  other 
members,  and  did  so;  the  fifteen  se- 
lected five  more,  and  these  twenty  com- 
pleted the  number  contemplated,  viz., 
thirty.  The  ''seven"  were  to  be  an 
executive  committee,  entrusted  with 
the  making  and  adoption  of  a  con- 
stitution. Their  names  were '.  Clem- 
ens, Hay,  Howells,  MacDowell,  La 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

6 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

Farge,  Saint-Gaudens,  and  Stedman. 
The    next    "eight"    were:  Adams 
(Henry),  Aldrich,  James  (Henry), 
Lounsbury,  McKim,  Norton,  Roose- 
velt, and  Ward.    As  already  stated, 
fifteen  more  were  speedily  added  to 
the  membership  and  the  Academy  was 
started  on  its  way.    But  it  was  nearly 
four  years  before  its  fellowship  was 
complete,  and  it  was  only  after  its 
viability  had  been  thoroughly  tested 
that  in  1916  it  was  recognized  by  the 
Federal  Government  as  of  public  util- 
ity, and  a  national  charter  was  granted 
to  it  by  Congress,  with  the  designation 
the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Letters.    The  Institute  had  secured  a 
similar  recognition  somewhat  earlier. 
Such  is  the  outline  of  origin  and 
evolution. 

II 

The  National  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Letters  awards  its  solitary  gold  medal 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

7 

but  once  a  year  for  distinguished  ser- 
vice in  the  totality  of  the  recipient's 
work:  for  sculpture,  for  history,  for 
poetry,  for  architecture,  for  drama, 
for  music;  so  that  the  intervening 
period  for  each  is  nine  years.  The 
scrutiny  is  searching  throughout  the 
whole  American  world,  for  the  award 
is  not  confined  to  the  membership  of 
the  Institute.    The  bestowal  of  the 
medal  is  always  an  occasion  of  some 
solemnity.    The  Institute  is  self-per- 
petuating though  not  self-constituted, 
and  the  discussion  of  fitness  for  mem- 
bership of  the  various  candidates  ex- 
hibits at  each  annual  meeting  a  power 
of  criticism  which  sets  up  a  very  high 
standard  indeed.    At  the  outset  can- 
didates proposed  themselves,  but  this 
is  no  longer  so.    Now  members  pro- 
pose, the  Council  accepts  the  candi- 
dacy or  rejects  it,  and  finally  the 
Institute  elects  or  rejects  by  secret 
ballot.    The  debating  and  winnowing 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

8 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

turn  not  at  all  on  the  question  of 
personality  and  good-fellowship,  but 
solely  on  that  of  achievement  and  fu- 
ture promise. 

The  Academy  is  likewise  self-per- 
petuating under  its  own  constitu- 
tion; and  is,  thus  far  at  least,  con- 
fined in  its  choice  of  members  to  the 
list  of  the  Institute  (according  to  its 
by-laws).  The  selection  is  thus  a 
double  scrutiny,  that  of  the  Institute 
and  of  the  Academy.  It  may  be  ob- 
served that  while  in  the  Institute  there 
are  sections  or  departments  of  liter- 
ature, art,  and  music,  in  the  Academy 
there  are  none.  Vacancies  can  be 
filled  without  regard  to  the  field  of 
eminence.  Such  in  outline  are  the 
Academy  and  the  Institute  of  Arts 
and  Letters  in  the  United  States  of 
America. 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

9 

III 

It  has  long  been  a  mooted  question 
whether  in  America  and  England,  or 
any  English-speaking  land,  there  is  any 
important  service  to  the  community 
which  an  academy  of  literature  or  the 
fine  arts  or  both  can  possibly  render. 
Many  Englishmen  have  boasted  that 
with  a  literature  far  superior  to  any 
other  in  the  modern  world,  the  strong- 
est indication  of  superiority  is  the  ab- 
sence of  academies.    In  all  the  Latin 
countries  a  national  academy  is  al- 
most a  matter  of  course,  an  institution 
as  essential  to  all  spiritual  activities 
as  are  the  state  and  government  for 
politics  and  the  administration  of  the 
law;  for  the  maintenance  of  order  in 
the  sphere  of  intellect  and  creative 
art,  as  for  the  maintenance  of  order 
is  the  organized  physical  force  of  the 
state,  in  the  sphere  of  conduct  un- 
der law.   But  in  France  alone  does  an 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

lO 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

academy  assert  supremacy  and  sov- 
ereignty in  its  field,  or  rather,  let  us 
say,  permit  that  claim  to  be  made  for 
it  by  its  members.  The  statutes  of  its 
founder  declare:  ''The  Academy's 
principal  function  shall  be  to  labour 
with  all  the  care  and  diligence  possible, 
at  giving  exact  rules  to  our  language 
and  rendering  it  capable  of  treating 
the  arts  and  sciences."  But  this 
charge,  sufficiently  weighty  in  itself, 
the  creation,  namely,  of  a  worthy  me- 
dium for  the  expression  of  national 
thought,  was  almost  immediately  en- 
larged and  elaborated.  Whether  it 
chose  or  did  not  choose,  the  French 
Academy  was,  by  reason  of  its  mere 
existence,  a  literary  court.  This  func- 
tion, having  been  carefully  cherished 
as  a  tradition  and  continuously  exer- 
cised throughout  the  centuries,  re- 
mains one  of  the  most  important  activ- 
ities of  the  French  Academy  at  the 
present  day. 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

II 

Sainte-Beuve  styled  the  academy  a 
''high  jury/'  as  it  were  a  ''grand 
jury,"  to  sit  as  inquisitors  and  place 
literary  works  on  trial,  likewise  to 
pronounce  a  verdict ;  by  means  at  once 
simple  and  complex:  the  sifting  from 
the  great  mass  of  inferior  literature 
such  expressions  of  the  highest  culture 
as  in  their  matter  and  manner  carry 
the  conviction  of  superiority  to  the 
mind  and  heart  alike  of  the  intellec- 
tually elect  and  the  commonalty  at 
large. 

Please  observe  what  lawyers  call 
the  sanction,  the  compulsory  force,  be- 
hind the  verdict:  inherent  value  of 
thought  and  style  enforcing  by  quality 
alone  general  acceptance  of  the  high- 
est standard  applicable  to  any  form 
of  poetry  and  prose;  this  and  nothing 
more.  Quite  sufficient,  however,  be- 
cause while  the  final  decision  is  not 
that  of  any  association,  but  of  the  cul- 
tivated public,  yet  the  cultivated  pub- 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

12 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

lie,  contemporary  and  future,  is  im- 
portunate, like  the  general  public,  in 
its  demand  for  guides  and  leaders. 
This  was  so  patent  in  France,  at  least, 
that  the  other  academies,  those  of 
the  Fine  Arts,  Science  and  of  Inscrip- 
tions (which  in  a  federal  relation  com- 
pose the  Institute  of  France),  were 
soon  organized  to  perform  a  similar 
function  in  moral  science,  the  plastic 
arts,  and  in  both  pure  and  natural 
science. 

IV 

The  ancient  academy  of  the  Greeks 
was  a  pleasant  locality  where  the  doc- 
trines of  Plato,  as  opposed  to  those 
of  the  Peripatetics,  were  taught,  and 
a  school  of  thought  established.  In 
four  or  possibly  five  stages  this  school 
survived  through  its  adherents  to  the 
days  of  Cicero,  who  said  of  it:  "The 

r"*  n  Q  f  Q  r'I'P'fi  cl"!  r*  r\T  I'ViP  A  r*Q  riP'mAT'  ic  tiPAT'Pt* 
Idl  cH^  LCI  lo  LIL.  KJL    LilC  ii-L-clLiClll  V    lo  lltVd 

to  interpose  one's  judgment ;  to  ap- 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

13 

prove  what  seems  most  probable;  to 
compare  together  different  opinions, 
to  see  what  may  be  advanced  on  either 
side,  and  to  leave  one's  hearers  free 
to  judge  without  pretending  to  dog- 
matize."   This  is  the  whole  matter: 
the  preamble  and  constitution  of  every 
corporation  devoted  to  the  further- 
ance of  art,  literature,  or  science :  not 
to  proclaim  as  an  oracle,  nor  to  assert 
sovereignty  of  opinion,  but  to  con- 
jecture, compare,  and  set  forth  the 
probable  standards  of  good  taste,  or 
of    verisimilitude   in   science.  Nat- 
urally the  collaborators  in  any  acad- 
emy organization  ought  to  be  rec- 
ognized experts   in  their  respective 
lines. 

Throughout  the   centuries  which, 
with  some  show  of  reason,  we  call  the 
Dark  Ages,  the  need  of  academies  was 
not  felt  to  be  pressing  in  the  western 

11             1j1                   1j1             1*1  jAI 

world,  although  the  library  at  Alex- 
andria, the  university  of  Oxford,  and 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

14 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

the  school  of  Alcuin  all  originated  in 
such  voluntary  associations.    But  at 
the    dawn    of   the   Renascence  and 
throughout  that  era,  Europe,  follow- 
ing Arabic  example  in  this  as  in  so 
many  other  respects,  saw  the  founda- 
tion of  many  corporate  bodies  for  the 
advancement  of  art,  literature,  and 
science.    The  oldest,  that  of  ''Floral 
Games,"  at  Toulouse,  with  a  member- 
ship of  thirty-six,  still  exists,  almost 
exactly   six  centuries  old,   and  an- 
nually distributes  five  prizes  in  litera- 
ture, which  are  floral  emblems  in  silver 
or  gold.    In  the  various  lands  of  Eu- 
rope approximately  fifteen  academies 
of  science  are  still  in  activity.  At 
least  as  many  as  thirty  existed  for 
longer  or  shorter  periods,  published 
their  proceedings,  and  for  various  rea- 
sons,  political,   social,   or  financial, 
ceased  to  exist.    This  is  likewise  true 

r^f    marrvr    sir^Q  nPTHiPQ    ot     npllpc:-lp1"f  rPQ 

(especially  in  Italy),  which  in  the  main 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

15 

devoted  themselves  to  the  purification 
of  the  language,  with  a  view  to  style 
in  poetry  and  prose.     Of  all  these 
there  survive  in  Italy  two:  that  of 
the  Apatici,  or  Impartials,  and  the 
Florence    Academy.    There    are  in 
France,  Belgium,  and  Spain  one  each 
that  may  be  called  national.  The 
Academy  of  Inscriptions  in  France  was 
and  continues  to  be  partly  archaeolog- 
ical, partly  historical,  tending  rather 
to  science  than  to  pure  literature.  Its 
model  has  been  closely  followed  by  the 
recently  organized  British  Academy, 
which  received  its  charter  from  the 
Royal  Institution.    There  are  national 
academies  of  medicine  and  surgery  in 
Vienna   and   in   Paris.     In  Russia, 
France,  Italy,  Sweden,  England,  and 
Spain  there  are  academies  of  painting 
and  sculpture,  to  which  are  adjoined, 
in  the  first  and  second  countries,  archi- 
tecture and  music. 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

i6 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

V 

Probably  the  most  vigorous  and  pro- 
ductive national  academy  of  the  pres- 
ent day  in  any  land  is  our  own  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Science,  which  was 
chartered  by  the  Federal  Government 
at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War.  The 
Hispanic  Society  of  New  York,  with 
its  membership  of  a  hundred,  selected 
carefully  from  all  the  cultural  lands, 
is  really  an  Academy,  being  certainly 
the  most  cosmopolitan,  and  not  the 
least  active.  The  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences  in  Boston  is  a  mature, 
dignified  association,  maintaining  a 
fine  library.  It  is  exactly  what  its 
name  imports,  a  home  of  the  arts  and 
sciences  as  that  phrase  was  under- 
stood several  generations  ago.  In  a 
modest  way  there  are  associations  of 
connoisseurs,  furthering  and  stimulat- 

incr   Qr^mp   nfi^nr^n    of   ^vt   dr   ipttPTQ  in 

almost  every  one  of  our  metropolitan 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

17 

cities,  and  many  in  cities  not  so  large. 
Some  of  these  societies  promote  not 
merely  their  specialty  but  sociability 
as  well ;  all  serve  the  good  purpose  of 
keeping  a  lamp  burning  on  some  altar 
of  learning. 

Frqm  all  these  considerations,  the 
brief  and  imperfect  enumeration  in- 
cluded, a  moment's  thought  makes 
clear  that  the  American  Academy  and 
the  National  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Letters  are  totally,  radically  different 
in  origin  and  character,  as  they  must 
consequently  be  in  activity  and  aim, 
from  all  societies  anywhere  and  at 
any  time  with  which  they  might  nat- 
urally be  compared.  In  the  first  place 
they  are  not  a  voluntary  association 
as  we  ordinarily  use  that  designation, 
but  exist  by  reason  of  an  initial  man- 
date of  popular  sort  and  continue  un- 
der a  nation-wide  mandate  through 
federal  charters.  In  the  second  place 
the  Academy  and  the  National  Insti- 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

i8 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

tute  are  combined  in  a  broad,  com- 
prehensive scheme  hitherto  unknown 
and  untried :  including  hterary  his- 
tory,   romance,    poetry,    drama,  and 
belles-lettres  generally,  painting,  mu- 
sic, sculpture,  and  architecture.  This 
is  indeed  the  ''satura  lanx,''  the  ''full 
dish''  of  the  ancients;  and  from  it,  if 
sufficient  endowments  be  secured,  the 
world  may  expect  the  production  of 
academic   activities   more  numerous 
than  any  so  far  contemplated  or  in- 
augurated beyond  the  Atlantic.  In- 
deed, this  seems  to  many  the  distinc- 
tive feature  of  the  American  idea, 
which  imperiously  forbids  all  special- 
ization  tending   toward  narrowness 
and  aridity,  demanding  that  the  fine 
arts  acknowledge  their  interdepend- 
ence, that  they  draw  life  and  suc- 
culence one  from  the  other,  and  so 
keep  the  central  current  of  their  evo- 
lution on  our  soil  united  and  unob- 
structed.   It  is  the  conviction  of  In- 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

19 

stitute  and  Academy  that  all  the  fine 
arts  are  not  merely  children  of  one 
family,  affiliated  in  character  and  in 
nature  and  destiny,  but  while  they 
may  differ  in  quality  and  scope,  as 
brethren  do,  there  is  an  unbreakable 
bond  pf  heredity,  a  oneness  of  dis- 
cipline and  environment,  which  make 
unity  more  striking  than  diversity.  A 
national  art  of  any  sort  is  only  na- 
tional in  so  far  as  it  is  the  art-rootlet 
or  stirp  coming  to  the  surface  in  new 
soil,  amid  a  humanity  modified  by  tra- 
dition and  circumstance  into  another 
stock  of  the  general  civilization. 

How  fertile  the  American  soil  is,  how 
vigorous  the  American  spirit  in  the  fine 
arts  really  is, has  long  since  been  proved 
by  the  individual  achievements  of  those 
who  compose  the  membership  of  our 
association ;  not  only  that,  however,  but 
by  what  in  this  association  they  have 
collectively  done,  amid  many  discour- 
agements, and  with  slender  means. 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

20         THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 


VI 

What  the  Academy  and  Institute 
have  done  and  may  hope  to  do  in  the 
way  of  pubHc  service  is  indicated  in 
the  following  outline,  incomplete  be- 
cause based  on  only  a  short  experi- 
ence, but  approved  as  a  whole  by  the 
officers  of  the  Academy: 

I.  MEETINGS 

I.  The  annual  meeting  in  Novem- 
ber shall  be  held  outside  of  New 
York  as  frequently  as  may  be 
feasible.  Just  as  the  National 
Academy  of  Science  has  its  seat 
and  executive  offices  in  Washing- 
ton, so  the  American  Academy 
of  Arts  and  Letters  must  neces- 
sarily have  its  directive  organi- 
zation in  New  York,  the  national 
center  of  literature  and  art.  But 
its  most  important  annual  meet- 
ings have  been  held  in  Boston, 


ACADEMY  NOTES 


OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

21 

Chicago,  and  Philadelphia,  as 
well  as  in  New  York,  to  empha- 
size its  national  scope. 

2.  Public  meetings  shall  be  held  at 
least  once  a  year  for  the  recep- 
tion of  new  members  and  for  the 
delivery  of  commemorative  ad- 

\  dresses. 

3.  When  the  Board  of  Directors  so 
decide,  public  memorial  meetings 
shall  be  held,  like  those  in  honor 
of  Samuel  L.  Clemens,  William 
Dean  Howells,  and  John  Bur- 
roughs. 

4.  On  the  occasion  of  important 
centenaries  public  meetings  shall 
be  held  by  the  Academy  in  asso- 
ciation with  the  Institute,  to 
which  distinguished  delegates 
from  foreign  countries  may  be  in- 
vited, as  was  the  case  at  the 
Lowell  centenary  in  1919.  It  is 
intended  thus  to  celebrate  the 
third  centenary  of  Moliere. 

5.  At  intervals  during  the  winter 
private  and  informal  meetings 
may  be  held  to  discuss  certain 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

22         THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 


topics  in  the  domain  of  arts  and 
letters. 

II.  PAPERS 

1.  The  series  of  addresses  on  the 
Blashfield  Foundation  will  be  con- 
tinued, and  ultimately  these  pa- 
pers will  be  published  by  the 
Academy. 

2.  Other  papers  read  before  the 
Academy  shall  be  published  in  its 
Proceedings. 

III.  MEDALS 

I.  Special  committees  of  the  Acad- 
emy shall  be  appointed  for  the 
award  of  the  Academy  Medal,  the 
Howells  Medal,  and  of  any  other 
medals  or  prizes  which  may  be 
founded  for  the  recognition  of 
outstanding  contributions  to  the 
several  arts. 

TV.  FOREIGN  VISITORS 

I.  It  may  be  found  possible  to  ar- 
range for  formal  receptions  by 
the  Academy  and  the  Institute  to 
distinguished  foreign  artists  and 


ACADEMY  NOTES 


OF  ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

23 

authors,  to  whom  the  hospitaHty 
of  the  Academy  building  might 
be  tendered. 

V.  PUBLIC  SERVICE 

1.  Now  that  the  Academy  is  wor- 
thily sheltered  it  is  at  last  in  a  posi- 
\tion  to  serve  as  a  clearing  house 
for  the  associations  devoted  to 
letters  and  the  arts.  The  Direc- 
tors will  gladly  welcome  any  op- 
portunity to  aid  in  coordinating 
the  activities  of  these  associa- 
tions. 

2.  The  Academy,  in  association  with 
the  Institute,  will  take  pleasure 
in  encouraging  the  foundation  of 
museums,  galleries,  and  libraries. 

3.  The  Academy  (in  addition  to  its 
own  contributions  under  the 
Blashfield  Foundation)  will  re- 
joice if  it  can  be  helpful  in  any 
movement  for  the  betterment  of 
our  speech,  more  especially  in  our 
theaters  and  in  our  schools  and 
colleges. 

AND  MONOGRAPHS 

24 

THE  AMERICAN  ACADEMY 

4.  The  Academy  is  anxious  for  a 
wider  recognition  of  the  fact  that 
its  members  and  the  members  of 
the  Institute,  individually  and  col- 
lectively, stand  ready  to  counsel 
the  activities  of  the  nation,  the 
states,  or  the  cities  in  any  part  of 
the  field,  with  the  desire  that  our 
public  buildings  and  the  grounds 
in  which  they  are  erected  shall 
attain  to  an  ever  higher  standard. 

ACADEMY  NOTES 

OFFICERS 
OF  THE 

AMERICAN  ACADEMY  OF 
ARTS  AND  LETTERS 

(  President 

William  Milligan  Sloane 

Chancellor 
Brander  Matthews 

Treasurer 
Thomas  Hastings 

Secretary 
Robert  Underwood  Johnson 

Directors 
Nicholas  Murray  Butler 
Hamlin  Garland 

Cass  Gilbert 
Thomas  Hastings 
Archer  Milton  Huntington 
Robert  Underwood  Johnson 
Brander  Matthews 
William  Milligan  Sloane 
Augustus  Thomas 


27 

NAMES 
RECORDS,  AND  PORTRAITS 
OF  FORMER  MEMBERS 
IN  THE 
ORDER  OF  THEIR  ELECTION 
TO  THE  ACADEMY 

31 

WILLIAM  DEAN  HOWELLS 

William  Dean  Howells  was  born  in  Mar- 
tin's Ferry,  Ohio,  March  i,  1837,  and 
died  in  New  York  City,  May  11,  1920. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  Decem- 
ber 2,  1904,— Chair  i.    He  was  the  first 
President  of  the  Academy  and  served  in 
that  position  from  his  election  to  his 
death.    His  early  education  was  gained 
through  working  in  the  office  of  his 
father's  country  newspaper.     He  was 
United  States  Consul  to  Venice  from 
1861  to  1865.    He  was  editor  of  the  At- 
lantic Monthly  from  1871  to  1881,  and  for 
many  years  he  was  the  editor  of  the  Easy 
Chair  of  Harper's.    He  was  the  author 
of  nearly  seventy  volumes  of  essays, 
novels,  plays,  and  poems.    The  most  fa- 
mous of  his  novels  are  ''A  Modern  In- 
stance," "Silas  Lapham,"  and  ''A  Hazard 
of  New  Fortunes."    He  received  hon- 
orary degrees  from  many  colleges  and 
universities,  including  the  degree  of  Doc- 
tor of  Letters  from  Oxford,  England. 
In  1915  he  was  awarded  the  gold  medal 
of  the  National  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Letters    "for    distinguished    work  in 
fiction." 

35 

AUGUSTUS  SAINT-GAUDENS 

Augustus   Saint-Gaudens  was   born  in 
Dublin,  Ireland,  March  i,  1848,  and  died 
in  Cornish,  N.  H.,  August  3,  1907.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  December  2, 
1904,  — Chair  2.    He  was  brought  to  this 
country  in  his  earliest  childhood,  and  at 
the  age  of  thirteen  was  apprenticed  to 
learn  cameo  cutting.    He  studied  sculp- 
ture in  France  and  in  Italy,  and  in  1871 
produced  his  first  statue,  called  ''Hia- 
watha."  Among  his  better  known  works 
are  the  President  Lincoln  statue  in  Chi- 
cago, the  Robert  Gould  Shaw  Memo- 
rial in  Boston,  the  Puritan  in  Spring- 
field,  Mass.,   the   Adams  memorial  in 
Washington,  the  Sherman  and  Farragut 
statues   in   New   York   City,    and  the 
Phillips   Brooks  Memorial   for  Trinity 
Church,   Boston.     The   Diana   on  the 
tower  of  Madison  Square  Garden,  New 
York  City,  is  his  work.    Degrees  were 
conferred  upon  him  by  Harvard,  Yale, 
and  Princeton,  and  he  was  the  recipient 
of  many  medals. 

39 

EDMUND  CLARENCE 
STEDMAN 

Edmund  Clarence  Stedman  was  born  in 
Hartford,  Conn.,  October  8,  1833,  and 
died  in  New  York  City,  January  18,  1908. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  Decem- 
ber 2,  1904, — Chair  3.    At  fifteen  he  en- 
tered Yale,  taking  first  prize  for  his  poem 
''Westminster   Abbey."     He  edited  the 
Norwich  Tribune  and  the  Winsted  Her- 
ald; and  later  in  New  York  contributed 
to  the  Tribune  (his  "Diamond  Wedding," 
etc.)  and  leading  magazines.    During  the 
Civil  War  he  was  correspondent  for  the 
World.     His   first  book  of  verse  ap- 
peared in  i860;  others  followed,  and  vol- 
umes of  criticism  on  the  Victorian  and 
American  Poets,  and  on  Poetry,  the  lat- 
ter delivered  as  lectures  at  universities. 
These  were  supplemented  by  his  ''An- 
thologies" ;  and  "A  Library  of  American 
Literature"  (in  collaboration).  He  was 
frequently  chosen  Poet  for  notable  occa- 
sions.   He  was  President  of  the  Amer- 
ican Copyright  League,  of  the  National 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters,  and  of  the 
New  England  Society. 

43 

JOHN  LA  FAROE 

John  La  Farge  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  March  31,  1835,        ^^^^  Provi- 
dence, R.  L,  November  14,  1910.  He 
was   elected  to  the   Academy  Decem- 
ber 2,  1904,  — Chair  4.  He  studied  art  in 
Paris,^  Munich,  Dresden,  northern  Italy, 
and  England.    Upon  his  return  to  the 
United  States  he  continued  his  studies 
under  William  M.  Hunt,  speciahzing  in 
stained  glass  decoration.    He  designed 
many  memorial  windows  for  churches 
and  libraries.    In  1889  a  medal  of  the 
First  Class  and  the  decoration  of  the  Le- 
gion of  Honor  were  awarded  him  at  the 
Paris  Exposition  for  his  ''Watson  Me- 
morial Window."  He  decorated  the  inte- 
riors of  several  New  York  churches,  the 
Union  League  Club,  and  many  private 
homes.    He  was  the  author  of  a  book  on 
Japan  and  Japanese  art,  and  of  a  volume 
of  essays  under  the  title  "Great  Masters.'' 
His  ''Reminiscences  of  the  South  Seas" 
was  not  published  till  after  his  death. 
In  1892  and  1894  he  lectured  on  "Color 
and  Composition"  at  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art,  New  York  City. 

47 

SAMUEL  LANGHORNE 
CLEMENS 

Samuel  Langhorne  Clemens  was  born  in 
Florida,  Mo.,  November  30,  1835, 
died  in  Redding,  Conn.,  April  21,  1910. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  Decem- 
ber 2,  ^904, — Chair  5.  He  was  a  journey- 
man printer  in  his  early  youth  and  later 
became  a  pilot  on  the  Mississippi  River. 
For  some  years  he  did  newspaper  work  in 
the  West.    In  1866  he  went  to  the  Sand- 
wich Islands  and  upon  his  return  began 
his  lecturing  career.    He  traveled  widely, 
and  many  of  the  scenes  and  incidents 
in  his  books  are  drawn  from  his  jour- 
neys.  His  better  known  works  are  ''Life 
on  the  Mississippi,"  "The  Adventures  of 
Tom  Sawyer,"  "Tom  Sawyer  Abroad," 
"Innocents  Abroad,"  "Roughing  It,"  "A 
Yankee  at  the  Court  of  King  Arthur," 
"Huckleberry  Finn,"  "The  Prince  and  the 
Pauper,"  "The  Gilded  Age,"  "A  Tramp 
Abroad,"  and  "Pudd'nhead  Wilson."  He 
received  honorary  degrees   from  Yale 
University  in  1901  and  from  the  Univer- 
biiy  01  wxioiQ  m  190/. 

51 

JOHN  HAY 

John  Hay  was  born  in  Salem,  Ind.,  Oc- 
tober 8,  1838,  and  died  near  Newbury, 
N.  H.,  July  I,  1905.    He  was  elected  to 
the  Academy  December  2, 1904,— Chair  6. 
He  was  graduated  from  Brown  Univer- 
sity.  In  1 861  he  became  private  Secretary 
to  Abraham  Lincoln  and  during  the  war 
period  was  his  Adjutant  and  Aide-de- 
Camp.    He  was  Secretary  of  the  United 
States  Legation  in  Paris  for  two  years, 
Charge  d'Affaires  in  Vienna,  and  first 
Secretary  of  Legation  to  Madrid.  He 
served  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New 
York  Tribune  and  while  there  published 
his  'Tike  County  Ballads."    He  became 
first  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  under 
President  Hayes  in  1879.   He  was  United 
States  Ambassador  to  England  and  in 
1898  under  President  McKinley  became 
Secretary  of  State.  He  was  the  author  of 
many  works,  among  them  ''The  Bread- 
winners," a  novel,  and  "Abraham  Lin- 
coln :  a  History,"  written  in  collaboration 
with  Nicolay. 

55 


EDWARD  MacDOWELL 

Edward  MacDowell  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  December  i8,  1861,  and  died 
in  New  York  City,  January  23,  1908. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  Decem- 
ber 2,  1904,— Chair  7.    In  1876  he  won  a 
scholarship  at  the  Paris  Conservatory  of 
Music.  He  studied  piano  and  composition 
under  Savard  and  under  Marmontel,  and 
afterward  studied  in  Germany.    He  was 
for  a  time  a  pupil  of  Raff.    At  a  very 
early  age  he  played  in  most  of  the  great 
cities  of  Continental  Europe.    In  1888  he 
returned  to  Boston,  where  he  made  his 
first  appearance  at  a  Kneisel  Quartette 
Concert.    In  1896  the  Boston  Symphony 
Orchestra  performed  his  first  concerto 
and  his  'Indian  Suite."    In  the  same 
year  he  became  Professor  of  Music  at 
Columbia  University.    He  composed  a 
large  number  of  piano  pieces,  songs,  etc. 
Among  his  most  popular  collections  are 
''New  England  Idyls,"  "Sea  Pieces,"  and 
Woodland     Sketches.      His  Indian 
Suite"  and  his  four  sonatas  constitute 
his  most  important  contribution  to  Amer- 
ican music. 

59 

HENRY  JAMES 

Henry  James  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  April  15,  1843,        died  in  London, 
England,  February  28,  1916.    He  was 
elected  to  the  Academy  January  7,  1905, 
—  Chair  8.  He  Hved  in  Europe  with  his 
parents  from  1855  to  1859.    He  returned 
to  America  and  attended  the  Harvard 
Law  School  for  a  few  months  in  1862. 
He  began  his  literary  career  in  1865  as 
a  contributor  to  the  American  maga- 
zines.   From  1869  on  he  spent  most  of 
his  time  in  Europe  and  during  his  later 
years  resided  in  Europe  and  in  England. 
In  191 5  he  became  a  naturalized  British 
subject,  and  in  1916  was  decorated  by 
King  George  V  with  the  Order  of  Merit. 
Among  his  best-known  novels  are  "Daisy 
Miller,''  'The  Bostonians,"  ''What  Maisie 
Knew,"  "The  Wings  of  a  Dove,"  and 
"The  Portrait  of  a  Lady."    He  was  the 
author  of  many  volumes  of  books  of 
travel  and  criticism,  especially  of  the 
French  masters  of  prose. 

63 

CHARLES  POLLEN  McKIM 

Charles  Follen  McKim  was  born  in  Ches- 
ter County,  Pa.,  August  24,  1847, 
died  in  St.  James,  Long  Island,  Septem- 
ber 14, 1909.    He  was  elected  to  the  Acad- 
emy January  7,  1905,— Chair  9.  After 
one    term    at   the   Harvard  Scientific 
School  he  entered  the  Ecole  des  Beaux- 
Arts  and  took  a  three-years'  course  in 
architecture.    His  name  is  especially  as- 
sociated, as  architect,  with  the  Boston 
Public  Library,  Columbia  University  Li- 
brary, the  University  Club,  the  J.  Pier- 
pont  Morgan  Library,  the  War  College 
at  Washington   and  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Station  of   New  York  City. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Congressional 
Commission  for  the  improvement  of  the 
Washington  Park  system  and  of  the  New 
York   Art   Commission.     He  was  the 
founder  of  the  American  Academy  at 
Rome.   Honorary  degrees  were  awarded 
him  by  Harvard  University,  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  and  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, and  in  1903  King  Edward  VH  of 
England  conferred  upon  him  the  royal 
gold  medal  for  the  promotion  of  archi- 
tecture. 

67 

HENRY  ADAMS 

Henry  Adams  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass., 
February  i6,  1838,  and  died  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  March  27,  1918.    He  was 
elected  to  the  Academy  January  7,  1905, 
—  Ci^air  10.    He  was  assistant  professor 
of  history  at  Harvard  from  1870  to  1877 
and  in  1876  pubHshed  essays  on  Anglo- 
Saxon   Law.     He   was   editor   of  the 
North  American  Review  from  1870  to 
1876.    In  the  period  between  1889  and 
1891  he  published  ''The  History  of  the 
United  States  from  1801  to  1817"  in  nine 
volumes.    He  lived  abroad  at  various  pe- 
riods examining  European  records  and 
unpublished   diplomatic  correspondence 
and  studying  historical   and  economic 
problems.     Among  his   works  are  "A 
Letter  to  American  Teachers  on  His- 
tory,"  "Life   and   Writings  of  Albert 
Gallatin,"  "John  Randolph,"  "Historical 
Essays,"    "Mont     Saint    Michel  and 
Chartres,"  and  "The  Life  of  George 
Cabot  Lodge."    His  last  published  work 
was  "The  Education  of  Henry  Adams." 

C,  Z,  /^^^TT^Tt 


71 

CHARLES  ELIOT  NORTON 

Charles  Eliot  Norton  was  born  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  November  i6,  1827,  and 
died  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  October  21, 
1908.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
January  7,  1905,— Chair  11.    After  grad- 
uati9n  from  Harvard  College  in  1840 
he  entered  the  East  Indian  trade  and 
spent  some  time  traveling  in  India  and 
in  Europe.    During  the  Civil  War  he 
was  editor  of  the  Loyal  Publication  So- 
ciety's papers,  and  in  1864-1868  of  the 
North  American  Review.    In  1875  he 
became  Professor  of  the  History  of  Art 
in  Harvard,  holding  that  position  until 
1898.    He  was  awarded  honorary  de- 
grees by  Harvard,  Cambridge,  and  Co- 
lumbia.     He  was  the  Founder  of  the 
Dante  Society  of  America  and  of  the 
Archaeological    Institute    of  America. 
Among    his    published    writings  are 
"Considerations  on  Some  Recent  Social 
Theories,"  "The  New  Life  of  Dante," 
''Notes  of  Travel  and  Study  in  Italy," 
''Historical  Studies  of  Church  Building 
in   the   Middle  Ages,"    "The  Carlyle- 
Emerson    Correspondence,"    and  "The 
Life  of  James  Russell  Lowell." 

75 


JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS  WARD 

John  Quincy  Adams  Ward  was  born  in 
Urbana,  Ohio,  June  29,  1830,  and  died 
in  New  York  City,  May  i,  1910.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Academy  January  7,  1905, 
—  Chair  12.  In  1857-1859,  while  in  Wash- 
ington, he  modeled  busts  of  Alexander 
H.  Stephens,  Joshua  R.  Giddings,  and 
other  statesmen.    In  1861  he  opened  a 
studio  in  New  York.  His  Indian  Hunter 
was  the  first  statue  in  Central  Park.  He 
was  elected  to  the  National  Academy  of 
Design  in  1863  and  became  its  President 
in  1873.    He  was  a  founder  and  trustee 
of   the   Metropolitan   Art   Museum,  a 
charter  member  and  first  president  of 
the  National  Sculpture  Society  and  its 
Honorary  President  until  his  death,  a 
member  of  the  Fine  Arts  Federation  and 
a  trustee  of  the  American  Academy  at 
Rome.    Among  his  works  are  the  Good 
Samaritan,    the    Citizen    Soldier,  the 
Shakespeare,  the  Pilgrim,  the  Washing- 
ton, the  Pediment  of  the  New  York 
Stock    Exchange,    the     Greeley,  the 
Beecher,   the   Lafayette,    the  Garfield, 
and  the  equestrian  statues  of  Generals 
Thomas,  Hancock  and  Sheridan. 

79 

THOMAS  RAYNESFORD 
LOUNSBURY 

Thomas  Raynesford  Lounsbury  was  born 
in  Ovid,  N.  Y.,  January  i,  1838,  and  died 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  April  9,  191 5.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  January  7, 
1905, — Chair  13.  After  graduation  from 
Yale  University  in  1859  he  wrote  bio- 
graphical sketches  for  Appleton's  En- 
cyclopedia until  the  Civil  War.    He  was 
a  commissioned  officer  in  the  126th  New 
York  Volunteers.    At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  taught  as  a  private  tutor  and 
studied  Anglo-Saxon  and  Early  English 
until  1870,  when  he  was  appointed  in- 
structor in  English  at  the  Sheffield  Sci- 
entific School  in  Yale  University.  He 
was  appointed  a  professor  in  1871,  and 
for  thirty-three  years  was  Librarian  of 
the  school.    He  edited  a  Department  of 
English  in  the  Century  Dictionary  and 
prepared  a  student's  edition  of  Chaucer's 
"Parliament  of   Fowles."     Among  his 
other  works  are  ''A  History  of  the  Eng- 
lish Language,"  "Life  of  James  Feni- 
more  Cooper,"   "Studies   in  Chaucer," 
and  several  important  works  on  Shake- 
speare. 

83 

THEODORE  ROOSEVELT 

Theodore  Roosevelt  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  October  27,  1858,  and  died  in 
Oyster  Bay,  N.  Y.,  January  6,  1919.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  January  7, 
1905^— Chair  14.   He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1880.    Notwithstanding  his 
active  political  life,  as  an  Assemblyman 
in  the  New  York  State  Legislature,  Civil 
Service  Commissioner,  Police  Commis- 
sioner of  New  York  City,  Assistant  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy,  Lieutenant  Colonel 
of  cavalry.  Governor  of  New  York,  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  he  was  al- 
ways the  book-lover  and  naturalist.  He 
published  many  books,  among  them  ''The 
War  of  1812,"  'The  Winning  of  the 
West,"    "Oliver    Cromwell,"  "Hunting 
Trips  of  a  Ranchman,"  "African  Game 
Trails,"  and  an  autobiography.    In  1906 
he  received  the  Nobel  peace  prize.  In 
acknowledgment  of  his  services  as  an 
explorer,  the  Brazilian  Government  in 
1914  named  a  tributary  of  the  Madeira 
River  "Rio  Theodori." 

87 

THOMAS  BAILEY  ALDRICH 

Thomas   Bailey  Aldrich   was   born  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  November  ii,  1836, 
and  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  19, 
1907.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
January  7,  1905,-Chair  15.  His  father's 
death  in  1852  prevented  him  from  at- 
tending college,  and  he  entered  the  field 
of  journaHsm.    He  held  editorial  posi- 
tions on  the  New  York  Evening  Mirror 
and  the  Home  Journal,  and  in  1865  be- 
came editor  of  Every  Saturday,  which 
position  he  held  until  1874.    In  1881  he 
became  editor  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly 
and  occupied  that  chair  for  nine  years. 
Among  his  works  are  many  volumes  of 
poems:  ''Cloth  of  Gold,"  ''Songs  and 
Sonnets,"    "Friar    Jerome's  Beautiful 
Book,"  "Mercedes   and  Later  Lyrics," 
"Unguarded    Gates,"    "Marjorie  Daw 
and  Other  People,"  "Prudence  Palfrey," 
"The  Queen  of  Sheba  and  Other  Sto- 
ries," "Ponkapog  Papers,"  "The  Story 
of  a  Bad  Boy,"  "The  Stillwater  Trag- 
edy," "Judith,"  "The  Sisters'  Tragedy," 
and  other  poetic  dramas. 

91 

JOSEPH  JEFFERSON 

Joseph  Jefferson  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  February  20,  1829,  and  died 
in  Palm  Beach,  Fla.,  April  23,  1905.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  April  20, 
1905,^— Chair  16.    He  made  his  first  ap- 
pearance upon  the  stage  at  the  age  of 
three.    He  followed  the  United  States 
Army  into  Mexico,  and  upon  his  return 
appeared  at  the  Arch  Street  Theatre  in 
Philadelphia.      His    creation    of  Asa 
Trenchard  in  ''Our  American  Cousin" 
eliminated  from  the  stage  the  traditional 
caricature  of  Yankee  character.  For 
years  he  appeared  in  the  title  part  of 
Rip  Van  Winkle,  in  which  part  he  made 
himself  famous  throughout  the  English- 
speaking  world.    Among  his  other  im- 
portant parts  are  Caleb  Plummer,  Bob 
Acres,  and  Dr.  Pangloss.     He  was  a 
skilled  amateur  painter  of  impression- 
istic landscapes,  and  was  the  author  of 
an  autobiography  full  of  adventure  and 
criticism. 

95 

RICHARD  WATSON  GILDER 

Richard  Watson  Gilder  was  born  in  Bor- 
dentown,  N.  J.,  February  8,  1844, 
died  in  New  York  City,  November  18, 
1909.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
April  22,  1905,  — Chair  18.    In  early  Hfe 
he  was  managing  editor  for  the  Newark, 
N.  j;,  Advertiser,  and  subsequently  es- 
tablished the  Newark  Register.    He  be- 
came editor  of  Hours  at  Home,  and  later 
when  this  publication  was  merged  in 
Scrihner's  Monthly  he  became  the  man- 
aging editor,  and  later  editor,  when  the 
monthly  had  become  The  Century  Maga- 
zine.   This  position  he  held  till  the  day 
of  his  death.    He  was  identified  with 
public  affairs  as  Chairman  of  the  New 
York  Tenement  House  Commission  in 
1894,  and  as  a  member  of  the  National 
Civil  Service  Reform  League.    He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Authors' 
Club,  the  International  Copyright  League, 
and  the  Society  of  American  Artists. 
His  published  writings  include  "Com- 
plete    Poems,"     Household  Edition, 
"Cleveland,  A  Record  of  Friendship," 
''Lincoln,  the  Leader,"  etc. 

99 

HORACE  HOWARD  FURNESS 

Horace  Howard  Furness  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  November  2,  1833,  and 
died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  August  13,1912. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  April  22, 
1905,— Chair  19.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1854  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1859.    The  honorary  degree  of 
Ph.D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Gottingen  in  recognition  of 
his  services  to  Shakespearean  literature. 
He  also  received  honorary  degrees  from 
Cambridge  University,  Columbia,  Har- 
vard, and  Yale.    He  was  the  editor  of 
the  ''New  Variorum  Edition  of  Shake- 
speare," a  monumental  work  which  oc- 
cupied all  the  later  years  of  his  life.  He 
had  completed  sixteen  volumes  at  the 
time  of  his  death.    In  1910  he  received 
a  medal  from  the  founders  of  the  New 
Theatre  for  his  services  to  the  stage. 

103 

JOHN  BIGELOW 

John    Bigelow    was   born    in  Maiden, 
N.  Y.,  November  25,  1817,  and  died  in 
New  York  City,  December  19,  191 1.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  April  22, 
1905,— Chair  20.   He  was  graduated  from 
Union  College  in  1835,  and  from  1849  to 
1859  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  New 
York  Evening  Post,  continuing  to  1861 
as  contributor.    From  1861  to  1864  he 
was  United  States  Consul  General  at 
Paris  and  from  1864  to  1867  Minister  to 
France.  He  served  as  Secretary  of  State 
of  New  York  from  1875  to  1877.  He 
was  President  of  the  Consolidated  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary, Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden  Founda- 
tions.   His  works  include  ''Molinos  the 
Quietist,"  ''France  and  the  Confederate 
Navy,"  ''Life  of  William  Cullen  Bryant," 
"Life  of  Samuel  J,  Tilden,"  "Some  Rec- 
ollections of  Edouard  Laboulaye,"  "The 
Mystery  of  Sleep," and"Life  of  Franklin." 
He  also  edited  the  writings  and  speeches 
of  Samuel  J.  Tilden  and  the  complete 
works  of  Benjamin  Franklin.    He  wrote 
five  volumes  of  "Retrospections,"  two  of 
which  were  published  after  his  death. 

107 

WINSLOW  HOMER 

VVinslow  Homer  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  February  24,  1836,  and  died  in 
Scarboro,  Me.,  September  28,  1910.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  May  13, 
1905, — Chair  21.    He  studied  at  the  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Design  and  later  was 
a  pupil  of  Frederic  Rondel.   He  was  sent 
to  the  front  during  the  Civil  War  as  a 
special  artist  for  Harper's  Weekly,  and 
on  his  return  to  New  York  exhibited  his 
•'Prisoners  from  the  Front."    In  1865  he 
was   elected   a   National  Academician. 
Taking  up  his  residence  at  Scarboro, 
Me.,  he  began  a  series  of  paintings  which 
he   worked  upon   from   1864  to  1884, 
among  them  ''Home,  Sweet  Home"  and 
similar  studies.    In  1884  he  began  his 
portrayal  of  the  coast  Hfe  and  coast 
scenery  of  New  England.    Among  his 
works  are  "The  Life  Line,"  "The  Look- 
out," "Eight  Bells,"  "Inside  the  Bar," 
"Watching  the  Tempest,"  "Perils  of  the 
Sea,"  and  "The  Maine  Coast."    He  re- 
ceived many  medals,  among  them  a  med- 
al at  the  Columbian  Exposition  in  1893, 
and  a  gold  medal  at  the  Paris  Exposition 
in  1900. 

Ill 

CARL  SCHURZ 

Carl  Schurz  was  born  in  Liblar,  near 
Cologne,  Prussia,  March  2,   1829,  and 
died  in  New  York  City,  May  14,  1906. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  May  13, 
1905,  — Chair  22.   He  was  educated  at  the 
Gymnasium  High  School  at  Cologne  and 
the  University  of  Bonn.     In  1852  he 
came  to  America  and  became  active  in 
the  anti-slavery   agitation.     Upon  the 
election  of  Lincoln  he  was  sent  as  Min- 
ister to  Spain,  resigning  his  post  in  1861 
to  become  Brigadier  General  of  volun- 
teers in  the  Federal  Army.    He  served 
one  term  in  the  United  States  Senate. 
In  1876,  President  Hayes  appointed  him 
Secretary  of  the  Interior.     Upon  the 
close  of  the  Hayes  administration  he  be- 
came editor  of  the  New  York  Evening 
Post.    Among  his  works  are  ''A  Vol- 
ume of  Speeches,"  ''The  Life  of  Henry 
Clay,"   ''Abraham  Lincoln ;   An  Essay," 
and  his  autobiography.    His  "Speeches, 
Correspondence  and  Political  Papers,"  in 
six  volumes,  were  published  in  1913  by 
the  Carl  Schurz  Memorial  Committee. 

7  ^/t^/*-'^''^ 


IIS 

ALFRED  THAYER  MAHAN 

Alfred  Thayer  Mahan  was  born  in  West 
Point,  N.  Y.,  September  27,  1840,  and 
died  in  Washington,  D.  C,  December  i, 
1914.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
May  i^,  1905,— Chair  23.   He  was  grad- 
uated  from  the  United   States  Naval 
Academy  at  Annapolis  in  1859,  and  dur- 
ing the  Civil  War  saw  service  in  the 
South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Squadrons.  He 
was  president  of  the  Naval  War  College 
at  Newport,  R.  I.,  from  1886  to  1888  and 
again  in  1892-1893.    He  was  one  of  the 
delegates  to  the  Peace  Conference  at 
The  Hague  in  1899.    His  'Tnfluence  of 
Sea  Power  on  History;  1660-1783"  was 
published  in  1890.    His  distinct  contribu- 
tion to  historical  science  was  his  demon- 
stration of  the  determining  force  which 
maritime  strength  has  exercised  upon  the 
course  of  general  history.    In  1897  he 
was  retired  from  the  United  States  Navy 
and  some  years  later  received  the  rank 
of  Rear  Admiral.  Honorary  degrees  were 
conferred  upon  him  by  Oxford,  Cam- 
bridge, Harvard,  and  Yale. 

119 

JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS 

Joel  Chandler  Harris  was  born  in  Eaton- 
ton,  Ga.,  December  9,  1848,  and  died  in 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  3,  1908.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Academy  May  13,  1905,— Chair 
24.   He  began  his  career  on  the  Forsyth, 
Ga.,  Countryman  and  was  on  the  staff 
of  the  Savannah  Morning  News  from 
1 871  to  1876.    He  was  connected  with 
the  Atlanta  Constitution  for  twenty-five 
years.   His  published  books  include  ''The 
Folklore  of  the  Old  Plantation,"  ''Uncle 
Remus,  His  Songs  and  His  Sayings," 
"Nights  with   Uncle   Remus,"  "Daddy 
Jake,  the  Runaway,"  ''A  Little  Union 
Scout,"  ''Stories  of  Georgia  History," 
"Told  by  Uncle  Remus,"  "Uncle  Remus 
and  Br'er  Rabbit,"  and  many  novelettes 
of  the  Georgia  mountaineer's  life,  in- 
cluding "Mingo"  and  "Balaam  and  His 
Master."   His  Uncle  Remus  sketches  and 
songs,  which  preserve  much  of  the  folk- 
lore of  the  old  plantation  negro,  were 
first  printed  in  the  Atlanta  Constitittion. 

123 

JOHN  BURROUGHS 

John  Burroughs  was  born  in  Roxbury, 
N.  Y.,  April  3,  1837,  and  died  near  Buf- 
falo, N.  Y.,  March  29,  1921.    He  was 
elected  to  the  Academy  May  13,  1905.— 
Chair  26.     In  his  early  manhood  he 
taught  in  village  schools  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey.    From  1864  to  1873  he 
worked  in  the  Treasury  Department  at 
Washington.     From   1873   to   1885  he 
served  as  a  National  Bank  Examiner. 
He  early  began  to  write  for  the  maga- 
zines. In  1862  he  wrote  the  poem  "Wait- 
ing."   His  first  book  was  published  in 
1867.    Most  of  the  material  for  his  na- 
ture books  w^as  gathered  in  his  native 
State.    His  books,  however,  reveal  also 
first-hand  knowledge  of  Bermuda,  the 
West  Indies,  Canada,  Europe,  Alaska, 
Yellowstone    Park,    Hawaii,    and  the 
Southwest.    His  works  (including  two 
volumes  unpublished  at  the  time  of  his 
death)     number    twenty-six  volumes, 
chiefly  nature  studies  and  literary  and 
philosophical  essays.   In  1916  he  received 

tViP  o*r»lrl  mprlal   "frnm  fVip  AFnf innnl  TriQti- 

tute  of  Arts  and  Letters. 

127 

EDWIN  AUSTIN  ABBEY 

Edwin  Austin  Abbey  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  April  i,  1852,  and  died  in 
London,  England,  August  i,  1911.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  May  13,1905, 
—  Chair  28.   He  began  to  illustrate  books 
and  magazines  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and 
before  he  was  nineteen  he  entered  the  Art 
Department  of  Harper  and  Brothers  in 
New  York  as  an  illustrator.   At  the  close 
of  1878  he  went  to  England,  where  he 
continued  his  work,  having  it  published 
in  New  York.    He  was  elected  an  Asso- 
ciate of  the  Royal  Academy  in  1896,  a  full 
member  in  1898,  and  a  member  of  the  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Design  in  1901.  He 
received  honorary  degrees   from  Yale 
University  and  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, was  elected  corresponding  mem- 
ber de  rinstitut  de  France,  and  was  the 
recipient  of  many  other  honors.  Edward 
Vn  commissioned  him  to  paint  the  Coro- 
nation scene  in  Westminster  Abbey.  He 
painted  a  series  of  decorations  for  the 
State  Capitol  of  Pennsylvania,  and  his 
''Quest  of  the  Holy  Grail,"  which  he  com- 
pleted in  1901,  is  one  of  the  chief  mural 
decorations  in  the  Boston  Public  Library. 

131 

HORATIO  PARKER 

Horatio  Parker  was  born  in  Auburndale, 
Mass.,  September  15,  1863,  and  died  in 
Cedarhiirst,  Long  Island,  December  18, 
1919.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
May  13,  1905,— Chair  29.  In  1882  he  went 
to  Munici^h  and  remained  there  for  three 
years,  receiving  honors.    Upon  his  re- 
turn to  New  York  City  he  became  the 
organist  of  Holy  Trinity  Church  and  in 
1893  organist  of  Trinity  Church  in  Bos- 
ton.   In  1894  he  was  appointed  director 
of  the  School  of  Music  at  Yale  Univer- 
sity and  held  that  position  until  his  death. 
Among  his  best  known  compositions  are 
the  cantatas  ''King  Trojan"  and  'The 
Kobolds,''  the  oratorios  ''St.  Christopher" 
and  "Hora  Novissima."   He  was  awarded 
a  prize  by  the  National  Conservatory 
of  Music  in  1893.    In  1902  he  received 
the  degree  Mus.  Doc.  from  Cambridge 
University,  following  the  performance 
there  of  several  of  his  compositions.  In 
191 1  he  won  a  prize  for  the  best  Amer- 
ican opera,  entitled  "Mona." 

EDWARD  EVERETT  HALE 

Edward  Everett  Hale  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  April  3,  1822,  and  died  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  June  10,  1909.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Academy  January  28,  1908, 
—Chair  16.  He  was  educated  at  the  Bos- 
ton Lat^n  School  and  Harvard  College, 
and  later  studied  theology.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  South  Congregational  Soci- 
ety in  Boston  in  1856,  serving  in  that  ca- 
pacity until  1 90 1,  when  he  became  its  pas- 
tor emeritus,  serving  until  his  death.  For 
several  years  he  edited  Old  and  New, 
During  his  later  years  he  was  Chaplain 
of  the  United  States  Senate.  He  is  the 
author  of  'The  Man  Without  a  Coun- 
try," ''My  Double  and  How  He  Undid 
Me,"  "In  His  Name,"  "The  Brick  Moon," 
and  more  than  seventy  other  stories,  as 
well  as  several  novels.  He  was  also  a 
constant  worker  in  the  field  of  American 
history  and  contributed  to  several  of  the 
larger  collective  works  on  that  subject. 
The  main  interest  of  his  later  years  was 
the  cause  of  universal  peace  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  an  international  tribunal. 


139 

DANIEL  COIT  OILMAN 

Daniel  Coit  Gilman  was  born  in  Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  July  6,  1831,  and  died  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  October  13,  1908.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  January  28, 
1908,— Chair  15.  He  was  graduated  from 
Yale  College  in  1852;  was  Professor  of 
Physical  and  Political  Geography  in  Yale 
from  1856  to  1872,  and  President  of  the 
University  of  California  from  1872  to 
1875.    When  Johns  Hopkins  University 
was  founded  in  Baltimore  in  1874,  he  was 
elected  its  first  president  and  served  until 
1901,  when  he  resigned.    He  was  first 
president  of  the  Carnegie  Institution,  also 
Director  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 
In  1896-1897  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Venezuela  Boundary  Commission.  He 
was  President  of  the  Oriental  Society, 
1893  to  1896,  and  Vice-President  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute  of  America,  Ex- 
ecutive Officer  of  the  Maryland  Geolog- 
ical Survey,  and  President  of  the  Na- 
tional   Civil    Service   Reform  League. 
Among  his  works  are  ''Life  of  James 
ivionroe,       universiLy    Jrrouiems,  anu 
"Life  of  James  Dwight  Dana." 

143 

THOMAS  WENTWORTH 
HIGGINSON 

Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson  was  born 
in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  December  22,  1823, 
and  died  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  9, 
191 1.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
January  28,   1908,— Chair  2.    He  was 
graduated  from  Harvard  in  1841  and 
from  Harvard  Divinity  School  in  1847. 
Early  in  the  Civil  War  he  served  as  cap- 
tain in  a  company  of  Massachusetts  vol- 
unteers. In  November,  1862,  he  was  com- 
missioned colonel  of  the  first  regiment  of 
freed  slaves.  He  was  a  life-long  and  con- 
sistent advocate  of  woman  suffrage  and 
of  the  higher  education  of  women.  He 
was  the  Lowell  lecturer  on  American  Lit- 
erature in  Boston  in  1902.    His  novel 
''Malbone''  appeared  in  1869.  Among  his 
works  are  "Outdoor  Papers,"  ''Atlantic 
Essays,"  ''Army  Life  in  a  Black  Regi- 
ment," and  "Cheerful  Yesterdays."  He 
was  the  author  of  several  histories  and 
biographies  and  some  verse,  as  well  as 
of  several  translations. 

I 


147 

DONALD  GRANT  MITCHELL 

Donald  Grant  Mitchell  was  born  in  Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  April  12,  1822,  and  died  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  December  15,  1908. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  January 
28,  1908,— Chair  31.    After  being  gradu- 
ated from  Yale  College  in  1841,  he  stud- 
ied law  in  New  York.    He  took  the  prize 
given  by  the  New  York  Agricultural  So- 
ciety for  a  plan  of  farm  buildings.  Upon 
his  return  from  a  tour  of  the  continent 
he  published  'Trench  Gleanings,  or  a 
New  Sheaf  from  the  Old  Fields  of  Con- 
tinental Europe,'  by  Ike  Marvel."  In 
1853  he  was  appointed  United  States 
Consul  to  Venice.    He  was  one  of  the 
judges  of  industrial  art  at  the  Centennial 
Exposition   of   1876,   and   also  United 
States  Commissioner  to  the  Paris  Expo- 
sition of  1878.    Besides  his  essays  and 
stories  of  travel  he  was  the  author  of 
a  series  of  literary  papers  which  he  pub- 
Ushed  under  the  general  title  of  ''Eng- 
lish Lands,  Letters  and  Kings."  Many 
of  his  books  appeared  under  the  name  of 
"Ike  Marvel,"  the  best  known  of  which 
are    ''Reveries    of    a    Bachelor"  and 
''Dream  Life." 

151 

ANDREW  DICKSON  WHITE 

Andrew   Dickson  White  was  born  in 
Homer,  N.  Y.,  November  7,  1832,  and 
died  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  November  4,  1918. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  January 
28,  1908,— Chair  32.   He  was  graduated 
from  Yale  in  1853  and  spent  three  years 
abroad.  He  was  an  attache  of  the  United 
States  Legation  at  St.  Petersburg,  Rus- 
sia, from  1854  to  1855.   Upon  his  return 
to  the  United  States  he  became  Profes- 
sor of  History  and  English  Literature  in 
the  University  of  Michigan.    In  1867  he 
accepted  the  presidency  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, maintaining  his  connection  there 
until   1885.     For   his   services   at  the 
World's  Exposition  at.  Paris  in  1878  he 
received  the  officer's  Cross  of  the  Legion 
of  Honor,  and  in  1881  served  as  United 
States  Minister  to  the  German  Empire. 
From  1892  to  1894  he  was  Minister  to 
Russia,  and  from  1897  to  1902  Ambas- 
sador to  Germany.    He  published  many 
historical  works  and  many  addresses  and 
lectures  upon  educational,  historical,  and 
political  subjects. 

155 

JULIA  WARD  HOWE 

Julia  Ward  Howe  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  May  27,  1819,  and  died  in  Ports- 
mouth, R.  I.,  October  17,  1910.    She  was 
elected  to  the   Academy   January  28, 
1908,  — Chair  36.  With  her  husband,  S.  G. 
Howe,  she  edited  the  Boston  Common- 
wealth, an  anti-slavery  paper,  contribu- 
ting also  to  the  New  York  Tribune  and 
the  Anti-Slavery  Standard.    She  edited 
the  Woman's  Journal,  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  New  England  Women's 
Club,  president  of  the  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Women,  and  of  the 
Boston  Authors'  Club.    In  1872  she  was 
delegate  to  the  World's  Prison  Reform 
Congress  in  London.    She  founded  The 
Women's  Peace  Association  and,  single- 
handed,  tried  to  raise  a  Peace  Crusade. 
In  1874  she  instituted  ''Mother's  Day," 
to  be  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  peace, 
a  festival  observed  for  many  years.  Her 
writings    include    "Passion  Flowers," 
"Words  for  the  Hour,"  "Later  Lyrics," 
"From  Sunset  Ridge,"  and  several  vol- 
umes of  travels  and  essays.    Her  princi- 
pal legacy  is  the  "Battle  Hymn  of  the 
Republic." 

159 

FRANCIS  HOPKINSON  SMITH 

Francis  Hopkinson  Smith  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  October  23,  1838,  and 
died  in  New  York  City,  April  7,  191 5. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  January 
28,  1908,— Chair  40.    Educated  as  a  me- 
chanical  engineer,   he  became   a  con- 
tractor and  planned  and  supervised  the 
building  of  numerous  works.    He  built 
for  the  United  States  Government  the 
sea  wall  around  Governor's  Island,  an- 
other at  Tompkinsville,  Staten  Island, 
and  the  Race  Lighthouse  off  New  Lon- 
don.   He  laid  the  foundation  and  the 
pedestal  for  the  Statue  of  Liberty  in 
New  York  Harbor,  and  in  1879  he  built 
the  Block  Island  breakwater.    He  was 
also  an  artist,  particularly  in  water  col- 
ors and  charcoal.    Among  his  published 
works  are  ''Old  Lines  in  New  Black  and 
White,"  ''Well-worn  Roads,'^  "A  White 
Umbrella  in  Mexico,''  "A  Book  of  the 
Tile  Club,"  "A  Day  at  Laguerre's,"  "The 
Fortunes  of  Oliver  Horn,"  "Caleb  West," 
and  "Colonel  Carter  of  Cartersville." 

163 

FRANCIS  MARION 
CRAWFORD 

Francis  Marion  Crawford  was  born  in 
Bagni  di  Lucca,  Italy,  August  2,  1854, 
and  died  in   Sorrento,  Italy,  April  9, 
1909.    I^e  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
January  28,  1908,— Chair  41.  He  was  ed- 
ucated at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
and    afterward    studied    Sanskrit  and 
other    subjects    in    various  European 
schools.    In  1 879-1880  he  was  editor  of 
the  Allahabad  Indian  Herald  and  for 
nearly  twenty  years  subsequent  resided 
mainly  in  Italy.   He  published  more  than 
fifty   novels;    among   them    are  "Mr. 
Isaacs,"  ''Zoroaster,"  ''Marzio's  Cruci- 
fix," ''With  the  Immortals,"  "Don  Or- 
sino,"  "In  the  Palace  of  the  King,"  "Via 
Crucis,"  "Prima  Donna,"  "The  White 
Sister,"  and  "Gleanings  from  Venetian 
History."   In  recognition  of  his  work  as 
a  writer  the  French  Academy  bestowed 
upon  him  the  Monbrun  prize  and  a  gold 
medal. 

167 

HENRY  CHARLES  LEA 

Henry  Charles  Lea  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  September  19,  1825,  and 
died  in  New  York  City,  October  24,  1909. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  January 
28,  1908, — Chair  42.    During  the  Civil 
War  he  was  a  member  of  the  Union 
League  Club,  and  rendered  conspicuous 
service  to  the  Federal  Government.  Fol- 
lowing the  Civil  War,  he  wrote  numer- 
ous pamphlets.    In  1871  he  founded  and 
was  made  president  of  the  Citizens  Mu- 
nicipal Reform  Association  of  Philadel- 
phia.   His  first  contribution  to  literature 
was  made  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of 
age.    In  1857  ^e  published  in  the  North 
American  Review  the  first  of  a  series  of 
articles  on  the  Middle  Ages.    Among  his 
other  works  are  "An  Historical  Sketch 
of  Sacerdotal  Celibacy  in  the  Christian 
Church,"  ''Studies  in  Church  History," 
and  ''History  of  the  Inquisition  of  the 
Middle  Ages."    Harvard  and  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

171 

WILLIAM  MERRITT  CHASE 

William   Merritt   Chase   was   born  in 
Franklin,  Ind.,  November  i,  1849, 
died  in  New  York  City,  October  25, 
1916.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
January  28,  1908,— Chair  44.  He  studied 
painting  at  the  National  Academy  in 
New  York  and  subsequently  in  Europe. 
Examples  of  his  works  are  in  the  Met- 
ropolitan Museum  of  Art,  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  Brooklyn 
Institute  Museum,  and  many  other  mu- 
seums.    In  1912  he  was  awarded  the 
Proctor  prize.     He  was  appointed  in- 
structor at  the  Brooklyn  Art  School  in 
1 881  and  elected  a  National  Academi- 
cian in  1890.    He  was  President  of  the 
Society  of  American  Artists  for  many 
years.     His  canvases  '^Ready  for  the 
Ride,"  ''The  Apprentice,"  and  ''The  Court 
Jester"  are  among  his  earlier  works.  His 
later  works  include  "American  Fish," 
"Flying  Clouds,"  "Portrait  of  an  Artist," 
"Portrait  of  Mrs.  J.,"  "Studio  Interior," 
"The  Orangery,"  "The  Portrait  of  Mrs. 
H.,"  and  "Just  Onions."    He  was  the 
recipient  of  many  medals,  the  Order  of 
St.  Michael,  etc. 

175 

HAMILTON  WRIGHT  MABIE 

Hamilton  Wright  Mabie  was  born  in 
Cold  Spring,   Putnam  Comity,  N.  Y., 
December  13,  1845,  and  died  in  Summit, 
N.  J.,  December  31,  1916.    He  was  elec- 
ted to  the  Academy  January  28,  1908,— 
Chair  46.  He  was  graduated  from  Will- 
iams College  in  1867  and  from  the  Co- 
lumbia Law  School  in  1869.    In  1879  he 
joined  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Christian 
Union,  now  the  Outlook,  and  later  be- 
came its  associate  editor.   His  essays  and 
criticisms  were  published  in  many  maga- 
zines and  newspapers.    Among  his  pub- 
lished works  are  ''Norse  Stories  Retold 
from  the  Eddas,"  "Nature  in  New  Eng- 
land," ''My  Study  Fire,"  "Short  Studies 
in  Literature,"  "Under  the  Trees  and 
Elsewhere,"    "Backgrounds   of  Litera- 
ture,"   "Shakespeare,    Poet,  Dramatist, 
and  Man,"   "Introductions  to  Notable 
Poems,"  and  "Japan  To-day  and  To- 
morrow," and  several  books  for  children. 
Under  the  Carnegie  Peace  Foundation 
he  went  as  Exchange  Professor  to  Japan 
in  the  winter   of   1912-1913.     He  re- 
ceived honorary  degrees  from  Williams, 
Union,  and  several  other  colleges. 

179 

BRONSON  HOWARD 

Bronson  Howard  was  born  in  Detroit, 
Mich.,  October  7,  1842,  and  died  in  Avon- 
by-the-Sea,  N.  J.,  August  4,  1908.  He 
was  ejected  to  the  Academy  January  28, 
1908,— Chair  47.     Instead  of  entering 
college  he  served  for  five  years  on  New 
York  newspapers,  and  in  1864  his  drama 
'Tantine"    was    produced    in  Detroit. 
"Saratoga"  was  produced  in  New  York 
in  1870.    Among  his  best-known  plays 
are  "The  Banker's  Daughter,''  "Young 
Mrs.  Winthrop,"  "The  Henrietta,"  "Met 
by   Chance,"   "Shenandoah,"  "Aristoc- 
racy," and  "Peter  Stuyvesant,"  in  which 
he  had  Brander  Matthews  as  a  collab- 
orator.   He  was  the  earliest  American 
dramatist  to  establish  a  position  in  the 
theatres  of  London.    He  was  for  several 
years  president  of  the  American  Drama- 
tists' Club. 

183 

WILLIAM  VAUGHN  MOODY 

William  Vaughn  Moody  was  born  in 
Spencer,  Ind.,  July  8,  1869,  and  died  in 
Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  October  17,  1910. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  Novem- 
ber 7,  1908,— Chair  7.    When  seventeen 
years  of  ^  age  he  entered  the  Riverview 
Academy^  at  Poughkeepsie,  and  in  1889 
entered  Harvard,  where  he  completed 
the  requirements  for  a  degree  in  three 
years.    He  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Harvard  Monthly.     In   1894  Harvard 
awarded  him,  besides  the  degree  of  A.M., 
the  Bowdoin  prize  for  a  thesis  on  "The 
Origin  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  Arcadia." 
He  was  professor  of  EngHsh  Literature 
in  the  University  of  Chicago  until  May, 
1903,  when  he  resigned  his  position  to 
devote  himself  to  his  own  work.  Among 
his  works  are  "The  Masque  of  Judg- 
ment," 1901 ;  "Poems,"  1901 ;  "The  Fire- 
Bringer,"    1903;   "The   Great  Divide," 
1906;  "The  Faith  Healer,"  1908;  his  col- 
lected works  were  published  in  1912. 
He  edited  several  English  text-books, 

pnrl   pnnf riKiifpH   ^irfiplpd  tn  fhp  Atlni/iiir 

Monthly  and  other  magazines. 

187 

KENYON  COX 

Kenyon  Cox  was  born  in  Warren,  Ohio, 
October  27,  1856,  and  died  in  New  York 
City,  March  17,  1919.   He  was  elected  to 
the  Academy  November  7,  1908,  — Chair 
24.     He  studied  in  Cincinnati,  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Design,  and 
in  Paris  from  1879  to  1884,  where  he 
was   a   pupil   of    Carolus   Duran  and 
Gerome.  In  1883  he  settled  in  New  York. 
He  executed  important  decorative  work 
in  the  Library  of  Congress  at  Washing- 
ton, in  the  State  capitols  of  Minnesota, 
Iowa  and  Wisconsin,  and  in  many  other 
pubHc  buildings.   He  received  the  Medal 
of  Honor  for  mural  painting  from  the 
Architectural  League.  He  is  represented 
by  pictures  in  the  National  Gallery  of 
Art,  Washington;  the  Metropolitan  Mu- 
seum of  Art,  New  York ;  and  many  other 
pubHc  collections.   He  received  honorary 
degrees  from  several  colleges.    He  pub- 
lished six  volumes  of  critical  essays  deal- 
ing with  various  phases  of  painting,  be- 
sides numerous  reviews  and  magazine 

191 

ABBOTT  HANDERSON 
THAYER 

Abbott  Handerson  Thayer  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  on  August  12,  1849, 
died  in  Monadnock,  N.  H.,  May  29,  1921. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  October 
20,  1909,— Chair  15.  His  study  of  natural 
history,\  especially  of  birds,  began  very 
early;  before  he  was  nine  he  had  begun 
the  habit  of  trying  to  paint  them.  He 
painted  dogs'  and  cats'  portraits,  cattle 
and  landscape  till,  after  four  years  in 
Paris  (1875-1879  at  the  Ecole  des  Beaux 
Arts),  he  returned  home  and  painted 
human   beings.     Among   his  principal 
works    are    "The    Virgin  Enthroned," 
"Caritas,"  ''A  Virgin,"  "Stevenson  Me- 
morial," and  "Winged  Figures."    He  is 
represented  in  the  Fine  Arts  Galleries  of 
Washington,  New  York,  Boston,  Cleve- 
land, and  in  Bowdoin  and  Smith  Colleges. 
In  1896  he  published  ''The  Law  which  Un- 
derlies Concealing  Coloration."  His  other 
discoveries  were  set  forth  in  1909  in 
"Concealing  Coloration  in  the  Animal 
Kingdom,"  written  by  his  son.  The  prin- 
ciples therein  stated  were  used  by  the  com- 
batants on  both  sides  in  the  World  War. 

195 

JOHN  MUIR 

John  Muir  was  born  in  Dunbar,  Hating- 
tonshire,  Scotland,  April  21,  1838,  and 
died  in  Martinez,  Cal.,   December  24, 
1914.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
October  20,  1909,  — Chair  11.  In  1849 
was  brought  by  his  family  to  the  United 
States.    After  his  graduation  from  the 
University  of  Wisconsin  he  made  a  tour 
of  South  America  and  Alaska.   He  made 
his  permanent  home  in  California.  His 
first  botanical  and  geological  excursions 
were  made  in  Wisconsin,  Indiana,  Michi- 
gan, and  Canada.    Later  he  penetrated 
the  swamps  of  Florida,  and  then  began 
a  systematic  exploration  of  the  Yosem- 
ite  Valley  region,  later  effecting  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  Yosemite  and  the  Se- 
quoia National  Parks.    His  books  deal 
with  the  mountain  ranges,  glaciers,  for- 
ests, rivers,  botanical  and  animal  life 
of  the  Western  mountains.    Among  his 
books  are  '"The  Mountains  of  Califor- 
nia," "Our  National  Parks,"  ''Stickeen, 
the  Story  of  a  Dog,"  and  ''Steep  Trails." 

I 


199 

CHARLES  FRANCIS  ADAMS 

Charles  Francis  Adams  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  May  27,  1835,  and  died  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  March  20,  191 5.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  October  20, 
1909, — Chair  31.  He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1856  and  served  throughout 
the  Civil  War  in  the  cavalry,  being  bre- 
vetted  Brigadier  General  at  the  close  of 
the  war.   He  wrote  a  series  of  papers  on 
"The  State  and  the  Railroads"  for  the 
Atlantic  Monthly  and  was  the  author  of 
several  works  on  railroads  as  well  as  a 
number   of   biographical  sketches.  In 
1890  he  published  "The  Life  of  Richard 
Henry  Dana,"  in  two  volumes.    He  pub- 
lished several  works  on  the  early  history 
of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1893  brought 
out  "Massachusetts ;  Its  Historians  and 
History."   In  1900  he  published  "Charles 
Francis   Adams"    (Statesman  Series). 
He  was  president  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society  and  of  the  American 
Historical   Association.     He  contribu- 
ted largely  toward  planning  and  estab- 
lishing the  Metropolitan  Park  System  in 
Massachusetts. 

203 

HENRY  MILLS  ALDEN 

Henry  Mills  Alden  was  born  in  Mount 
Tabor,  Vt.,  November  ii,  1836,  and  died 
in  New  York  City,  October  7,  1919.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Academy  June  i, 
1910,  — Chair  41.  After  graduation  from 
Williams  College,  he  attended  the  And- 
over  Theological  Seminary  and  received 
a  license  to  preach,  but  was  never  or- 
dained.   He  became  managing  editor  of 
Harper's  Weekly  in  1863  and  in  1869  the 
editor  of  Harpers  Magazine,  which  po- 
sition he  held  continuously  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  and  for  eighteen  years, 
from  1900  to  19 1 8,  contributed  to  it  the 
Editor's   Study.     He   was   always  in- 
terested in  the  classics,  particularly  in 
the  philosophy  and  religion  of  the  an- 
cients.   In  the  winter  of  1863-64  he  de- 
livered twelve  lectures  at  the  Lowell  In- 
stitute, Boston,  on  "The  Structure  of 
Paganism.''   He  was  the  author  of  ''The 
Ancient  Lady  of  Sorrows,"  ''God  and  His 
World,"  "The  Study  of  Death,"  and 
"Magazine  Writing  and  the  New  Lit- 
erature." 

207 

JOHN  WHITE  ALEXANDER 

John  White  Alexander  was  born  in  Al- 
legheny City,  Pa.,  October  7,  1856,  and 
died  in  New  York  City,  May  31,  1915. 
He  was  elected  to  the  x\cademy  June  i, 
1910,— Chair  42.    From  1874  to  1877 
was  copnected  with  Harper's  Magazine. 
From  1877  to  1880  he  studied  at  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  at  Munich, 
and  with  Duveneck  in  Venice  and  Flor- 
ence.   In  1880  he  returned  to  America. 
He  was  awarded  prizes  and  gold  medals 
in  all  the  chief  expositions  in  the  United 
States,  and  in  Paris  in  1900.    He  was 
made  Societaire  of  the  Societe  Nationale 
des  Beaux  Arts  and  Chevalier  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor,  and  founded  and  was 
honorary  member  of  numerous  European 
societies.     He   was   President    of  the 
National  Academy  of  Design.  His  works 
were  mainly  in  portraiture  and  mural 
decoration.    His  murals  are  in  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress  and  Carnegie  Institute 
in  Pittsburgh.    Whitman,  Joseph  Jeffer- 
son, Stevenson,  Rodin,  and  many  other 
celebrities  were  among  his  sitters. 

211 

FRANCIS  DAVIS  MILLET 

Francis  Davis  Millet  was  born  in  Met- 
tapoisett,  Mass.,  November  3,  1846,  and 
went  down  on  the  Titanic,  April  15, 
1912.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
November  9,  1910,— Chair  5.    He  served 
as  a  drurtimer  boy  in  the  Civil  War,  was 
graduated  from  Harvard,  and  in  1869 
attended  the  Royal  Art  Academy  at  Ant- 
werp.    While  there  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Com- 
mission to  the  World's  Fair  at  Vienna. 
He  acted  as  a  war  correspondent  during 
the  Russo-Turkish  War  in  1877 
ceived  from  Roumania  the  Iron  Cross, 
and  from  Russia  the  Military  Crosses  of 
St.  Anne  and  St.  Stanislaus.    He  w^as  a 
juror  of  fine  arts  at  the  World's  Fair  in 
Paris  in  1878.    In  1885  he  received  a 
medal  from  the  New  Orleans  Exposition, 
and  in  1887  from  the  American  Art  As- 
sociation.   Among  his  works  are  por- 
traits of  Charles  Francis  Adams,  Jr.,  and 
Samuel  Langhorne  Clemens,  and  paint- 
ings entitled  "Bashi  Bazouk,"  'The  Win- 
dow Seat,"  and  ''A  Difficult  Duet,"  etc. 

215 

JAMES  WHITCOMB  RILEY 

James   Whitcomb   Riley   was   born  in 
Greenfield,  Ind.,  October  7,  1849,  and 
died  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  July  22,  1916. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  January 
25,  191 1,— Chair  21.  He  left  school  early 
and  adopted  a  wandering  life,  acquiring 
the  langi^age  and  dialect  of  the  Hoosiers, 
which  later  he  put  into  verse,  becoming 
known  as  "The  Hoosier  Poet."  Among 
his  books  are  "The  Old  Swimmin'-Hole," 
"Afterwhiles,"   "Old-Fashioned  Roses" 
(published   in   England),   "Rhymes  of 
Childhood,"  "Sketches  in  Prose,"  "Poems 
Here  at  Home,"  "A  Child  World"  (auto- 
biographical),  "The   Lockerbie  Book," 
"The  Hoosier  Book,"  the  Biographical 
Edition  of  His  Complete  Works  (1913). 
Some  of  his  best  loved  poems  are  "An 
Old  Sweetheart  of  Mine,"  "Out  to  Old 
Aunt  Mary's,"  "Little  Orphant  Annie," 
"Good-Bye,  Jim,"  "The  Raggedy  Man," 
"When  the  Frost  is  on  the  Pumpkin," 
"The    Prayer    Perfect,"   "Away,"  and 
"When  My  Dreams  Come  True."   He  re- 
ceived  Honorary   Degrees   from  Yale 
university,  vvciudsn  v_/Oiiege  dnci  tne  uni- 
versities of  Pennsylvania  and  Indiana. 

219 

GEORGE  BROWNE  POST 

George  Browne  Post  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  December  15,  1837,  and  died 
in  Bernardsville,  N.  J.,  November  28, 
1913.    He  was  elected  to  the  Academy 
December  14,  191 1,  — Chair  4.    He  was 
educated  at  Churchill's  MiHtary  School, 
Sing  Sing,  N.   Y.,   and  the  Scientific 
School,  New  York  University,  gradu- 
ating in  1858  as  civil  engineer.   He  stud- 
ied with  R.  M.  Hunt,  1858-60.    He  be- 
came Captain  and  later  Lieutenant  Colo- 
nel of  the  22nd  Regiment,  having  served 
as  aide  on  General  Burnside's  staff.  He 
was  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Institute 
of  Architects,  its  President  from  1896 
to  1898,  and  received  its  gold  medal  in 
1910.    In  191 1  he  became  a  Chevalier  de 
la  Legion  d'Honneur.    He  was  Honor- 
rary  Corresponding  member  of  the  Royal 
Institute  of  British  Architects  and  Acad- 
emician of  the  National  Academy  of  De- 
sign.   Among  the  buildings  designed  by 
him  are  the  New  York  Produce  Ex- 
change,   New   York    Stock  Exchange, 
Prudential    Life    Insurance  buildings, 
Wisconsin  State  Capitol,  and  the  College 
of  the  City  of  New  York. 

223 

JULIAN  ALDEN  WEIR 

Julian  Alden  Weir  was  born  in  West 
Point,  N.  Y.,  August  30,  1852,  and  died 
in  New  York  City,  December  8,  1919. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Academy  Novem- 
ber 18,  1915,— Chair  31.   He  studied  with 
his  father  and  in  1883  was  a  pupil  of 
Gerome  in  Paris.    He  was  awarded  a 
two  thousand  dollar  prize  at  one  of  the 
prize  fund  exhibitions  of  the  American 
Art  Association,  and  he  received  honor- 
able mention  at  the  Salon  and  medals  at 
the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889.    He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of 
American  Artists.    In  1886  he  became  a 
National  Academician,  and  in  191 5  he 
became  president  of  that  society.    He  is 
represented  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  Art  in  New   York   City  by  "Idle 
Hours,"  "The  Green  Bodice,"  and  "The 
Red  Bridge."    His  pictures  include  "The 
Building  of  the  Dam,"  "The  Donkey 
Ride,"  "The  Gray  Bodice,"  "A  Gentle- 
woman," "Pan  and  the  Wolf,"  and  "The 
Border  of  the  Farm." 

227 

GEORGE  LOCKHART  RIVES 

George  Lockhart  Rives  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  May  i,  1849,  and  died  in  New- 
port, R.  I.,  August  18,  1917.    He  was 
elected  to  the  Academy  November  18, 
1915,— Chair  42.    He  was  a  graduate  of 
Columbia   and   received   degrees  from 
Trinity  and  Cambridge,  in  England,  and 
from  Amherst   College  and  Princeton 
University.    He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1874  and  practised  in  New  York.  He 
was  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  in  1887- 
1889.    He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Rapid  Transit  Commission  and  of 
the  commission  to  revise  the  charter  of 
Greater  New  York ;  from  1902  to  1904 
he  was  corporation  counsel   for  New 
York  City.    He  served  many  years  as 
Trustee  of  Columbia  College  and  was 
chairman  of  the  board  for  ten  years.  He 
was  a  trustee  of  the  Astor  Library,  the 
Lenox    Library,    and   the    New  York 
Public  Library,   and   president  of  the 
Board  of  Governors  of  the  New  York 
Hospital.    He  was  the  author  of  'The 
United   States  in   Mexico,  1821-1848," 
and  of  numerous  articles  and  pamphlets. 

231 

BARRETT  WENDELL 

Barrett  Wendell  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  August  23,  1855,  and  died  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  February  8,  1921.    He  was 
elected  to  the  Academy  November  15, 
1916,— Chair  8.   He  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  in  1877              iSSo  was  ap- 
pointed Instructor  in  English.    He  was 
Assistant   Professor   of   English  from 
1888  to  1898,  Professor  of  English  from 
1898  to  191 7,  when  he  resigned,  and  an 
overseer  of  the  college  at  the  time  of  his 
death.    His  best  known  books  are  ''Eng- 
lish   Composition,"    ''Cotton  Mather," 
''William  Shakspere,"  "A  Literary  His- 
tory of  America,"  "The  France  of  To- 
day," and  "The  Traditions  of  European 
Literature."   He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Bos- 
ton Athenaeum,  a  member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts   Historical    Society,    and  a 
Fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences.    In  1902  and  1903  he 
was  Clark  Lecturer  at  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  England;  in  1904  and  1905 
Lecturer   at   the   Sorbonne   and  other 
French  universities.    He  received  hon- 
orary degrees  from  Harvard,  Columbia, 
and  Strasbourg. 

